General introduction: Qua Nhac or the tintinnabulum (Lục Lạc) is of idiophonic instruments of many ethnic groups such as Viet, Thai (Mahinh), Tày (Ma rinh), Nung (Lung leng), and many groups in Tay Nguyen.

Classification  

Qua nhcc is the idiophonic instrument popular in Vietnam and in some Asian countries. Structure

Qua nhac is founded with bronze. It has the empty-globe shape with chinks and there are many bronze or lead pits inside, which creates the sound when it is shaked. Qua nhac has many sizes and the popular size is as big as the thumb. Qua nhac is hung at the neck of the horse, which gives the signal of clearning the way.

Timbre

The sound of qua nhac is resounding and bright.

Performance technique

Quả nhạc is usually tied in the bundle. When shaked, it creates the sound like the rhythm of the running of the horse. Qua nhac creates the most cheerful and animated atmosphere when many Quả nhạc with different sizes are performed together.

Position of qua nhac in the orchestra

Thái people play qua nhac by wearing it on the finger, dancing, and shaking their finger. In the gong set of Cham, there are cymbals attached qua nhac to perform ensembles. Many ethnic groups in Tay Nguyen wear qua nhac on their ankle. They dance, step on the floor, and shake their ankle to create the tune.