Tễu is larger than the other puppets even though he is only seven or eight years old judging from the way he wears his hair in tufts. He is fat, has a rosy complexion, and is always cheerful. His buttonless loincloth expose his chest and flabby belly. His arms swing, and his head turns as he taunts and teases the audience.

The nôm (Vietnamese ideographic script) character for “tễu” means “laughter”. Tễu is reckless and constantly jests and mocks. He introduces the performance as commentator, a lover of tales, and as a critic of corrupt officials. In some water – puppet guilds, Tễu raises the flag or lights the firecrackers. Some Vietnamese see Tễu as a village crier who offers his services to the elderly; others think of him as the one to call to slaughter their pig, water buffalo, or ox; still others say Tễu’s wife is beautiful and enticing.

All water – puppet guilds begin their performances with Tễu, though Tễu’s introductory speech differs from guild to guild. As in Greek theater, he begins by encouraging the audience: “Hurry to you place!” Tễu says: “Have you a choice?”

What is a typical introduction by Tễu?

Nguyễn Văn Tước from the Chàng Troupe in Chàng Sơn Commune, Thạch Thất District in Hà Tây Province is the son of a former leader of the water – puppet guild. He has a set of four books written in Hán Chinese script about the Chàng Troupe, which his father passed on to him. The village teacher, who was also the troupe’s scriptwriter, wrote the books about a hundred years ago. They contain regulations for puppeteers plus the troupe’s stories, plays, songs, and these introductory remarks by Tễu:

“We wish long lasting happiness and prosperity to our audience and all our people. Now, the moment has arrived to begin our story set in former times, a long time past. The green and red flags are out! The puppet soldiers stand ready in two marching columns on either side, together with their prancing horses, their steady elephants firm as mountains, and their menacing guns that wait only for fire to touch their mussels before they roar in destruction.

“But wait. Look! Up above, delightful fairies fly in the pleasant air! Below them are a woodcutter, a farmer, a weaver, and some people fishing. A man at the bronze foundry is casting bells and statues. The monks and their devotees burn incense in prayer. The pagodas and communal houses are splendid. Look closely at the water! See the unicorn, tortoise, and phoenix! See the rat, dragon and snake!

“Everyone – young and old – is bursting with anticipation. The words of the gods have been followed to the letter. The poets say:

“ Many children and many honors: Much prosperity.
“Be talented, Be lucky: Live a long life.
“Brothers and Sisters, start the drums and castanets!”